Полски поговорки с английските им съответствия // Polish proverbs with English Equivalents

(The explanatory part is in Bulgarian)

Известно е, че преводът е важна част от междукултурната комуникация между хората. И докато теорията на превода се опитва да адаптира различните  теории и обяснения за езиците и да балансира между тях, прилагайки онази част, която може да намери и практическо приложение, то практиката на превода представлява превключването между езиковите кодове в процеса на самия акт на комуникацията – устна или писмена. В този акт на превключване на кодовете някои езикови системи се подчиняват съвсем естествено на процеса, защото самите те го създават – фонетика, морфология, синтаксис, лексикални единици. Съществуват обаче и гранични езикови области, които си кореспондират както със самата структура на езика, така и с извънезиковата реалност, която пряко или косвено отразяват. Такива са например фразеологизмите, пословиците и поговорките, за много от които може да се открие еквивалент във всеки един език, но съществуват и такива, които трудно се превеждат еднозначно и за които обикновено е нужно по-пространно обяснение, отвеждащо към различните национални реалии, които са резултат на различни исторически, социални, културни и политически стечения на обстоятелства. Тук ще приведем някои полски поговорки с английските им  съответствия, които навеждат на мисълта за езикови факти, които са плод на сходни мисловни процеси и на  сходно възприемане и осмисляне  на извънезиковата реалност. Те са интересен обект на изследване както за теорията и практиката на превода, така и за билингвизма. 

Polish: Ani kura za darmo nie gdacze. English: Nothing for nothing.

Polish: Anielskie usta a szatanskie serce. English: A honey tongue and a heart of gall.

Polish: Baba z wozu koniom lżej. English: When the woman gets off the wagon, horses have an easier time.

Polish: Bez pracy nie ma kołaczy. English: Without work there won't be supper.

Polish: Bez soli smutna biesiada. English: Without salt the feast is spoiled.

Polish: Bogatemu to i diabeł dziecko kołysze. English: Even the devil rocks a rich person's child.

Polish: Co ciało lubi, to duszę zgubi. English: What likes the body will lose the soul.
Polsih: Co nagle, to po diable. English: The devil dictates when you’re in a hurry.

Polish: Co kraj to obyczaj. English: Each country has it’s own tradition.

Polish: Czekaj tatka latka. English: You can wait till the cows come home.

Polish: Duch chętny lecz ciało mdłe. English: The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.

Polish: Dobrego i karczma nie zepsuje, a złego i kościół nie naprawi. English: The good won't be spoiled in an inn, so the bad won't be mended in a church.

Polish: Dobry żart tynfa wart. English: A good joke is a penny worth.

Polish: Dopóty dzban wodę nosi, dopóki mu się ucho nie urwie. English: A jug carries water until its handle breaks off.

Polish: Gdy kota nie ma, myszy harcują. English: When the cat's away the mice will play.

Polish: Fortuna kołem się toczy. English: Every dog has its day.

Polish: Gadał dziad do obrazu, a obraz do niego ani razu. English: A beggar talked to a picture, but picture answered nothing.

Polish: Gdy pies je, to nie szczeka, bo mu miska ucieka. English: Don't talk with your mouth full.

Polish: Gdyby kózka nie skakała, to by nóżki nie złamała. English: If the goat didn’t jump, she wouldn’t have broken her leg.

Polish: Gdzie kucharek sześć, tam nie ma co jeść. English: Too many cooks spoil the broth.

Polish: Gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy. English: When a man hurries, the devil smiles.

Polish: Gość w dom - Bóg w dom. English: Guest coming into house - God coming into house.

Polish: Gdzie diabeł nie może, tam babę pośle English: Where devil cannot go, he will send a woman.

Polish: Gdzie dwóch się bije, tam trzeci korzysta. English: Where two are fighting, a third one wins.

Polish: Gdzie zgoda tam i siła. English: With unity there is strength.

Polish: Grosz do grosza, a będzie kokosza. English: A penny saved is a penny earned.

Polish: Historia sie powtarza. English: Something that has happened once can happen again.

Polish: I Herkules dupa, kiedy wrogów kupa. English: Even Hercules turns yellow in the face of many enemies.

Polish: Idzie luty, podkuj buty. English: When February comes, hobnail your shoes.

Polish: Jak Kuba Bogu, tak Bóg Kubie. English: As Jake treats God, God will treat Jake.

Polish: Jak cię widzą, tak cię piszą. English: How they see you, that’s how they perceive you.

Polish: Jak sobie pościelesz, tak się wyśpisz. English: How you make your bed, thus will you rest.

Polish: Jestem człowiekiem i nic, co ludzkie, nie jest mi obce. Englis: I'm human and nothing that is human is to me strange.

Polish: Każdy sądzi według siebie. English: Everyone judges according to themselves.
Polish: Komu pora, temu czas. English: When it’s your time, you have to go.

Polish: Kowal zawinił a Cygana powiesili. English: The blacksmith was guilty, but they hanged the Gypsy.

Polish: Kropla do kropli i będzie morze. English: Drop after drop, there will be an ocean.

Polish: Kruk krukowi oka nie wykole. English: The crow won't bite an eye of another crow.

Polish: Kuj żelazo, póki gorące. English: Strike while the iron is hot.

Polish: Kwiat bez zapachu, jak człowiek bez duszy. English: A flower without a smell is like a man without a soul.

Polish: Ładnemu we wszystkim ładnie. English: A pretty person looks pretty in every clothing.

Polish: Lepiej późno niż wcale. English: Better late than never.

Polish: Lepsza jedna panna, niż cztery wdowy. English: Better is one unmarried lady than four widows.

Polish: Lepszy wróbel w garści niż kanarek na dachu. English: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

Polish: Los szczęście rzuca, ale nie każdy je łapie. English: Fate throws fortune, but not everyone catches.

Polish: Między młotem a kowadłem. English: Caught between a rock and a hard place.

Polish: Mądry Polak po szkodzie. English: Smart pole after the damage is done.

Polish: Musi to na Rusi, w Polsce jak kto chce. English: In Russia you have to do things, in Poland you do as you please.

Polish: Najlepsze mienie - czyste sumienie. English: The best asset is a clean conscience.

Polish: Na pochyłe drzewo wszystkie kozy skaczą. English: All the goats jump onto leaning trees.

Polish: Nie chwal dnia przed zachodem słońca. English: Don’t praise the day before sunset.

Polish: Nie masz na upór lekarstwa. English: You can't heal stubbornness.

Polish: Nie mów o nikim, nie będą o tobie. English: Don't talk about others, they won't talk about you.

Polish: Nie wszystko się godzi, co wolno. English: Not everything that's allowed is best.

Polish: Nie dziel skóry na niedźwiedziu. English:  Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.

Polish: Nie mów „hop”, póki nie przeskoczysz. Englisht: Don't say up, before you have jumped.

Polish: Nieznajomość prawa szkodzi. English: Ignorance is not an excuse.

Polish: Nie wszystko złoto, co się świeci. English: Not all that glitters is gold.

Polish: O umarłych mówi się dobrze, albo wcale. English Translation: Speak well of the dead or not at all.

Polish: O wilku mowa, a wilk tu. English: Talk of a wolf and the wolf appears.

Polish: Panu Bogu świeczkę, a diabłu ogarek. English: Light a candle for God and a candle-stub for the Devil.

Polish: Piękna miska jeść nie daje. English: A beautifully decorated plate won't feed anyone.

Polish: Piekło jest wybrukowane dobrymi chęciami. English: The road to hell is paved with good intentions.

Polish: Pokorne cielę dwie matki ssie. English: A humble calf will feed from two mothers.

Polish: Potrzeba jest matką wynalazków. English: Necessity is the mother of invention.

Polish: Ręka rękę myje. English: One hand washes the other.

Polish: Śpiesz się powoli. English: Haste makes waste.

Polish: Swój ciągnie do swojego. English: Same kinds attract.

Polish: Szukajcie, a znajdziecie. English: Seek and ye shall find.

Polish: Ten się śmieje, kto się śmieje ostatni. English: He who laughs last, laughs the longest.

Polish: Ucz się ucz, bo nauka to do potęgi klucz. English: Keep learning because knowledge is the key to power.

Polish: Włażąc między wrony, krakaj jak i one. English: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

Polish: Wolnoć Tomku w swoim domku. English: Do as you please at your own home.

Polish: Wszędzie dobrze, ale w domu najlepiej. English: Home, sweet home.

Polish: Wszystko dobre, co się dobrze kończy. English: All's well that ends well.

Polish:W zdrowym ciele zdrowy duch. English: In healthy body healthy spirit.

Polish: Za dukata brat sprzeda brata. English:  For a ducat, a man will sell his own brother.

Polish: Złej baletnicy przeszkadza rąbek u spódnicy. English: A bad workman always blames his tools.

Polish: Z kim sie zadajesz, takim sie stajesz. English: You become whom you befreind.